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Okay, so you've gone through the interview process, and now your prospective employer has made you a job offer. Now what?
Once you receive a job offer, you are faced with a difficult decision
and must evaluate the offer carefully. Fortunately, most quality organizations
won't expect you to accept or reject an offer immediately.
There are many issues to consider when assessing a job offer.
Will the organization be a good place to work? Will the job be
interesting? Are there opportunities for advancement? Is the salary
fair? Does the employer offer good benefits?
If you have not
already figured out exactly what you want, the following discussion may help you to develop a set of criteria for judging job offers,
whether you are starting a career, reentering the labor force after a
long absence, or planning a career change.
Background information on an organization can
help you to decide whether it is a good place for you to work. Factors
to consider include the organization’s business or activity, financial
condition, age, size, and location.
You generally can get background information on an organization,
particularly a large organization, on its Internet site or by telephoning
its public relations office. A public company’s annual report to the stockholders tells about its corporate philosophy, history,
products or services, goals, and financial status.
Most government agencies can furnish reports that describe their programs and missions. Press releases, company newsletters or magazines, and recruitment brochures also can be useful. Ask the organization for any other items that might interest a prospective employee.
If possible, speak to current or former employees of the organization. Background information on the organization may be available at your public or school library. If you cannot get an annual report, check the library for reference directories that may provide basic facts about the company, such as earnings, products and services, and number of employees.
Stories about an organization in magazines and newspapers can
tell a great deal about its successes, failures, and plans for the future.
You can identify articles on a company by looking under its name in periodical or computerized indexes in libraries. However,
it probably will not be useful to look back more than 2 or 3 years.
Trade magazines also may include articles on the trends for specific industries. Career centers at colleges and universities often have information on employers that is not available in libraries. Ask a career center representative how to find out about a particular organization. Does the organization’s business or activity match your own interests and beliefs? It is easier to apply yourself to the work if you are enthusiastic about what the organization does.
Large firms generally offer a greater variety of training programs and career paths, more managerial levels for advancement, and better employee benefits than do small firms.
Large employers also
may have more advanced technologies. However, many jobs in large firms tend to be highly specialized.
Jobs in small firms may offer broader authority and responsibility,
a closer working relationship with top management, and a chance to clearly see your contribution to the success of the organization.
New businesses have a high failure rate, but for many people, the
excitement of helping to create a company and the potential for sharing in its success more than offset the risk of job loss.
However,
it may be just as exciting and rewarding to work for a young firm that already has a foothold on success.
Does it make a difference if the company is private or public? An individual or a family may control a privately owned company
and key jobs may be reserved for relatives and friends. A board of directors responsible to the stockholders controls a publicly owned
company and key jobs usually are open to anyone.
Even if everything else about the job is attractive,
you will be unhappy if you dislike the day-to-day work.
Determining in advance whether you will like the work may be difficult. However, the more you find out about the job before accepting or rejecting the offer, the more likely you are to make the right choice.
Actually working in the industry and, if possible, for the
company would provide considerable insight. You can gain work
experience through part-time, temporary, or summer jobs, or through
internship or work-study programs while in school, all of which can lead to permanent job offers.
If the job is in another section of the country, you need to consider
the cost of living, the availability of housing and transportation, and the quality of educational and recreational facilities in that section
of the country. Even if the job location is in your area, you should consider the time and expense of commuting.
The duties and responsibilities of the job should be explained in
enough detail to answer this question.
An explanation of where you fit in the organization and how you
are supposed to contribute to its overall objectives should give you
an idea of the job’s importance.
Most jobs involve regular hours—for example, 40 hours a week,
during the day, Monday through Friday. Other jobs require night,
weekend, or holiday work. In addition, some jobs routinely require overtime to meet deadlines or sales or production goals, or to better
serve customers. Consider the effect that the work hours will have on your personal life.
High turnover can mean dissatisfaction with the nature of the work
or something else about the job.
A good job offers you opportunities to learn new skills, increase your earnings, and rise to positions of greater authority, responsibility, and prestige. A lack of opportunities can dampen interest in the work and result in frustration and boredom. The company should have a training plan for you.
The employer should give you some idea of promotion possibilities within the organization. What is the next step on the career ladder? If you have to wait for a job to become vacant before you can be promoted, how long does this usually take?
When opportunities for advancement do arise, will you compete with applicants from outside the company? Can you apply for jobs for which you qualify elsewhere within the organization, or is mobility within the firm limited?
Wait for the employer to introduce these subjects. Some companies will not talk about pay until they have decided
to hire you. In order to know if their offer is reasonable, you need a rough estimate of what the job should pay. You may have to
go to several sources for this information.
Try to find family, friends, or acquaintances who recently were hired in similar jobs. Ask your teachers and the staff in placement offices about starting pay for graduates with your qualifications.
Help-wanted ads in newspapers
sometimes give salary ranges for similar positions. Check the library or your school’s career center for salary surveys such as
those conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers
or various professional associations.
If you are considering the salary and benefits for a job in another
geographic area, make allowances for differences in the cost of living,
which may be significantly higher in a large metropolitan area than in a smaller city, town, or rural area.
You also should learn the organization’s policy regarding overtime. Depending on the job, you may or may not be exempt from laws requiring the employer to compensate you for overtime. Find out how many hours you will be expected to work each week and whether you receive overtime pay or compensatory time off for working more than the specified number of hours in a week.
Also take into account that the starting salary is just that—the
start. Your salary should be reviewed on a regular basis; many organizations
do it every year. How much can you expect to earn
after 1, 2, or 3 or more years? An employer cannot be specific
about the amount of pay if it includes commissions and bonuses.
Benefits also can add a lot to your base pay, but they vary widely. Find out exactly what the benefit package includes and how much of the cost you must bear before deciding on a job offer.
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